Regulation of actin isoforms in cellular and developmental processes

Actin is one of the most abundant and essential intracellular proteins that mediates nearly every form of cellular movement and underlies such key processes as embryogenesis, tissue integrity, cell division and contractility of all types of muscle and non-muscle cells. In mammals, actin is represent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in cell & developmental biology 2020-06, Vol.102, p.113-121
Main Author: Kashina, Anna S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin
Actins - chemistry
Actins - metabolism
Animals
Cells - metabolism
Coding sequence
Growth and Development
Humans
Posttranslational modifications
Protein Isoforms - chemistry
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
Regulation of cytoskeleton
Translation rate
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Summary:Actin is one of the most abundant and essential intracellular proteins that mediates nearly every form of cellular movement and underlies such key processes as embryogenesis, tissue integrity, cell division and contractility of all types of muscle and non-muscle cells. In mammals, actin is represented by six isoforms, which are encoded by different genes but produce proteins that are 95–99 % identical to each other. The six actin genes have vastly different functions in vivo, and the small amino acid differences between the proteins they encode are rigorously maintained through evolution, but the underlying differences behind this distinction, as well as the importance of specific amino acid sequences for each actin isoform, are not well understood. This review summarizes different levels of actin isoform-specific regulation in cellular and developmental processes, starting with the nuclear actin’s role in transcription, and covering the gene-level, mRNA-level, and protein-level regulation, with a special focus on mammalian actins in non-muscle cells.
ISSN:1084-9521
1096-3634
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.003