Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2020-04, Vol.21 (8), p.2986
• Main Authors: Meroni, Marica, Longo, Miriam, Rustichelli, Alice, Dongiovanni, Paola
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers; Cirrhosis; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Disease; Disease Susceptibility; DNA; DNA methylation; Energy Metabolism; Enzymes; Epidemiology; Epigenetics; Ethnicity; Evolution & development; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Fibrosis; Gene expression; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genomes; Genomics; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Humans; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Liver; Liver cancer; Liver cirrhosis; Liver diseases; Medical research; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Microbiota; Mutation; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - etiology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology; Nutrients; Nutrigenomics - methods; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Nutritional Status; Pathogenesis; Pathophysiology; Physical activity; Public health; Review; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Steatosis; Studies; Vitamin B; Weight control
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082986

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It embraces a wide spectrum of hepatic injuries, which include simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Nonetheless, even intestinal microbiota and its by-products play a crucial role in NAFLD pathophysiology. The interaction of dietary exposure with the genome is referred to as which encompasses both and It is focused on revealing the biological mechanisms that entail both the acute and persistent genome-nutrient interactions that influence health and it may represent a promising field of study to improve both clinical and health nutrition practices. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the relevance of personalized nutritional advices as a novel therapeutic approach in NAFLD tailored management.