Vaccination against the Epstein–Barr virus

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was the first human tumor virus being discovered and remains to date the only human pathogen that can transform cells in vitro. 55 years of EBV research have now brought us to the brink of an EBV vaccine. For this purpose, recombinant viral vectors and their heterologous pri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2020-11, Vol.77 (21), p.4315-4324
Main Authors: Rühl, Julia, Leung, Carol S., Münz, Christian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cytotoxicity
Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - immunology
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections - prevention & control
Glycoproteins
Herpesvirus 4, Human - immunology
Herpesvirus Vaccines - immunology
Herpesvirus Vaccines - therapeutic use
Humans
Immunization
Immunotherapy
Life cycles
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Review
Tumors
Vaccination
Vaccines
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle - immunology
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle - therapeutic use
Viral Envelope Proteins - immunology
Viral Envelope Proteins - therapeutic use
Virus-like particles
Viruses
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Summary:Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was the first human tumor virus being discovered and remains to date the only human pathogen that can transform cells in vitro. 55 years of EBV research have now brought us to the brink of an EBV vaccine. For this purpose, recombinant viral vectors and their heterologous prime-boost vaccinations, EBV-derived virus-like particles and viral envelope glycoprotein formulations are explored and are discussed in this review. Even so, cell-mediated immune control by cytotoxic lymphocytes protects healthy virus carriers from EBV-associated malignancies, antibodies might be able to prevent symptomatic primary infection, the most likely EBV-associated pathology against which EBV vaccines will be initially tested. Thus, the variety of EBV vaccines reflects the sophisticated life cycle of this human tumor virus and only vaccination in humans will finally be able to reveal the efficacy of these candidates. Nevertheless, the recently renewed efforts to develop an EBV vaccine and the long history of safe adoptive T cell transfer to treat EBV-associated malignancies suggest that this oncogenic γ-herpesvirus can be targeted by immunotherapies. Such vaccination should ideally implement the very same immune control that protects healthy EBV carriers.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-020-03538-3