Deriving Immune Modulating Drugs from Viruses-A New Class of Biologics

Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despite this, the use of virus-derived proteins as natu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2020-03, Vol.9 (4), p.972
Main Authors: Yaron, Jordan R, Zhang, Liqiang, Guo, Qiuyun, Burgin, Michelle, Schutz, Lauren N, Awo, Enkidia, Wise, Lyn, Krause, Kurt L, Ildefonso, Cristhian J, Kwiecien, Jacek M, Juby, Michael, Rahman, Masmudur M, Chen, Hao, Moyer, Richard W, Alcami, Antonio, McFadden, Grant, Lucas, Alexandra R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arthritis
Biological products
Brain cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemokines
Clinical medicine
Cytokines
Disease
Enzymes
Gene expression
Genetic disorders
Growth factors
Hepatitis
Human papillomavirus
Immune system
Infections
Laboratory animals
Mammals
Measles
Mutation
Proteins
Review
Smallpox
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vaccines
Viral infections
Viruses
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Viruses are widely used as a platform for the production of therapeutics. Vaccines containing live, dead and components of viruses, gene therapy vectors and oncolytic viruses are key examples of clinically-approved therapeutic uses for viruses. Despite this, the use of virus-derived proteins as natural sources for immune modulators remains in the early stages of development. Viruses have evolved complex, highly effective approaches for immune evasion. Originally developed for protection against host immune responses, viral immune-modulating proteins are extraordinarily potent, often functioning at picomolar concentrations. These complex viral intracellular parasites have "performed the R&D", developing highly effective immune evasive strategies over millions of years. These proteins provide a new and natural source for immune-modulating therapeutics, similar in many ways to penicillin being developed from mold or streptokinase from bacteria. Virus-derived serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), chemokine modulating proteins, complement control, inflammasome inhibition, growth factors (e.g., viral vascular endothelial growth factor) and cytokine mimics (e.g., viral interleukin 10) and/or inhibitors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor) have now been identified that target central immunological response pathways. We review here current development of virus-derived immune-modulating biologics with efficacy demonstrated in pre-clinical or clinical studies, focusing on pox and herpesviruses-derived immune-modulating therapeutics.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm9040972