The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Disease: From Physiological Response to Injury Factor

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen, controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart, ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis, by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2020, Vol.2020 (2020), p.1-29
Main Authors: Giorgino, F., Cignarelli, Angelo, Perrini, Sebastio, Natalicchio, Annalisa, Leonardini, Anna, Schipani, Rossella, D’Oria, Rossella, Laviola, Luigi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - therapeutic use
Apoptosis
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiomyocytes
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiovascular diseases
Cell differentiation
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials as Topic
Cytochrome
Diabetes
Disease
Enzymes
Heart Diseases - drug therapy
Heart Diseases - metabolism
Heart failure
Humans
Ischemia
Mammals
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mitochondria
Myocardium - metabolism
Nitric oxide
Oxidation
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Review
Sapropterin dihydrochloride
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Summary:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen, controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart, ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis, by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS production exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense systems, leading to cellular and molecular abnormalities, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the physiological sources of ROS in the heart, the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related myocardial injury, and the implications of experimental studies and clinical trials with antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.
ISSN:1942-0900
1942-0994
DOI:10.1155/2020/5732956