Evolution of Insulin Delivery Devices: From Syringes, Pens, and Pumps to DIY Artificial Pancreas

The year 2021 will mark 100 years since the discovery of insulin. Insulin, the first medication to be discovered for diabetes, is still the safest and most potent glucose-lowering therapy. The major challenge of insulin despite its efficacy has been the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes therapy 2020-06, Vol.11 (6), p.1251-1269
Main Authors: Kesavadev, Jothydev, Saboo, Banshi, Krishna, Meera B., Krishnan, Gopika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cardiology
Diabetes
Drug delivery systems
Drug therapy
Endocrinology
Glucose monitoring
Hypodermic needles
Hypoglycemia
Insulin
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Pancreas
Review
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Summary:The year 2021 will mark 100 years since the discovery of insulin. Insulin, the first medication to be discovered for diabetes, is still the safest and most potent glucose-lowering therapy. The major challenge of insulin despite its efficacy has been the occurrence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted in sub-optimal dosages being prescribed in the vast majority of patients. Popular devices used for insulin administration are syringes, pens, and pumps. An artificial pancreas (AP) with a closed-loop delivery system with > 95% time in range is believed to soon become a reality. The development of closed-loop delivery systems has gained momentum with recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and computer algorithms. This review discusses the evolution of syringes, disposable, durable pens and connected pens, needles, tethered and patch insulin pumps, bionic pancreas, alternate controller-enabled infusion (ACE) pumps, and do-it-yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIY-APS).
ISSN:1869-6953
1869-6961
DOI:10.1007/s13300-020-00831-z