A Novel Heme Transporter from the Energy Coupling Factor Family Is Vital for Group A Streptococcus Colonization and Infections

• Published in: Journal of bacteriology 2020-06, Vol.202 (14), p.1
• Main Authors: Chatterjee, Nilanjana, Cook, Laura C C, Lyles, Kristin V, Nguyen, Hong Anh T, Devlin, Darius J, Thomas, Lamar S, Eichenbaum, Zehava
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Bacteriology; Biological Transport; Colonization; Complications; Coordination compounds; Coupling; Coupling factors; Deletion mutant; Disseminated infection; Energy coupling; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Heme; Heme - metabolism; Hemoglobin; Humans; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Infections; Iron; Iron - metabolism; Ligands; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics; Membrane Transport Proteins - metabolism; Mice; Mucosa; Mutants; Spotlight; Streptococcal Infections - microbiology; Streptococcus; Streptococcus infections; Streptococcus pyogenes - genetics; Streptococcus pyogenes - growth & development; Streptococcus pyogenes - metabolism; Streptococcus pyogenes - pathogenicity; Streptonigrin; Virulence
• ISSN: 0021-9193; 1098-5530
• DOI: 10.1128/JB.00205-20

Group A streptococcus (GAS) produces millions of infections worldwide, including mild mucosal infections, postinfection sequelae, and life-threatening invasive diseases. During infection, GAS readily acquires nutritional iron from host heme and hemoproteins. Here, we identified a new heme importer, named SiaFGH, and investigated its role in GAS pathophysiology. The SiaFGH proteins belong to a group of transporters with an unknown ligand from the recently described family of energy coupling factors (ECFs). A deletion mutant exhibited high streptonigrin resistance compared to the parental strain, suggesting that iron ions or an iron complex is the likely ligand. Iron uptake and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies showed that the loss of did not impact GAS import of ferric or ferrous iron, but the mutant was impaired in using hemoglobin iron for growth. Analysis of cells growing on hemoglobin iron revealed a substantial decrease in the cellular heme content in the mutant compared to the complemented strain. The induction of the genes in resulted in the induction of heme uptake. The mutant exhibited a significant impairment in murine models of mucosal colonization and systemic infection. Together, the data show that SiaFGH is a new type of heme importer that is key for GAS use of host hemoproteins and that this system is imperative for bacterial colonization and invasive infection. ECF systems are new transporters that take up various vitamins, cobalt, or nickel with a high affinity. Here, we establish the GAS SiaFGH proteins as a new ECF module that imports heme and demonstrate its importance in virulence. SiaFGH is the first heme ECF system described in bacteria. We identified homologous systems in the genomes of related pathogens from the phylum. Notably, GAS and other pathogens that use a SiaFGH-type importer rely on host hemoproteins for a source of iron during infection. Hence, recognizing the function of this noncanonical ABC transporter in heme acquisition and the critical role that it plays in disease has broad implications.