The Echo of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Mechanisms of Clinical Symptoms and Other Disease-Induced Systemic Complications

Clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB) can range from a simple cough to more severe reactions, such as irreversible lung damage and, eventually, death, depending on disease progression. In addition to its clinical presentation, TB has been associated with several other disease-induced systemi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical microbiology reviews 2020-09, Vol.33 (4)
Main Authors: Luies, Laneke, du Preez, Ilse
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Diagnosis, Differential
Glucose Intolerance - etiology
Glucose Intolerance - physiopathology
Humans
Hyponatremia - etiology
Hyponatremia - physiopathology
Precision Medicine
Review
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - complications
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - diagnosis
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - physiopathology
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Summary:Clinical symptoms of active tuberculosis (TB) can range from a simple cough to more severe reactions, such as irreversible lung damage and, eventually, death, depending on disease progression. In addition to its clinical presentation, TB has been associated with several other disease-induced systemic complications, such as hyponatremia and glucose intolerance. Here, we provide an overview of the known, although ill-described, underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for the clinical and systemic presentations associated with this disease and discuss novel hypotheses recently generated by various omics technologies. This summative update can assist clinicians to improve the tentative diagnosis of TB based on a patient's clinical presentation and aid in the development of improved treatment protocols specifically aimed at restoring the disease-induced imbalance for overall homeostasis while simultaneously eradicating the pathogen. Furthermore, future applications of this knowledge could be applied to personalized diagnostic and therapeutic options, bettering the treatment outcome and quality of life of TB patients.
ISSN:0893-8512
1098-6618
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00036-20