The effect of a raw vs dry diet on serum biochemical, hematologic, blood iron, B12, and folate levels in Staffordshire Bull Terriers

• Published in: Veterinary clinical pathology 2020-06, Vol.49 (2), p.258-269
• Main Authors: Anturaniemi, Johanna, Zaldívar‐López, Sara, Moore, Robin, Kosola, Mikko, Sankari, Satu, Barrouin‐Melo, Stella M., Hielm‐Björkman, Anna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood; canine nutrition; carbohydrates; Clinical Chemistry; Diet; Dogs; Eczema; fats; food processing; Hemoglobin; Original; Vitamin B
• ISSN: 0275-6382; 1939-165X
• DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12852

Background To date, very few studies have compared the effects of different types of feeding practices on canine physiology, such as feeding exclusively dry, raw, or homemade foods. Objectives We aimed to report the changes in hematologic, serum biochemical, plasma folate, B12, and whole blood iron levels in dogs fed two different diets. Methods A pilot study was developed to compare the effects of a heat‐processed high carbohydrate (HPHC) and nonprocessed high‐fat (NPHF) diet. A total of 33 client‐owned Staffordshire Bull Terriers were used; 18 had canine atopic dermatitis, seven were healthy, and eight were grouped as “borderline” dogs since they did not fulfill at least six of Favrot's criteria. The comparisons were made between the diet groups at the end visit of the diet intervention, as well as within the diet groups during the study. Results Significant differences between and within the diet groups were observed, although the majority of outcomes remained within the RIs. The median time of diet intervention was 140 days. Red blood cell counts, mean cell hemoglobin concentrations, and platelet counts were significantly higher, and mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell volume, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, and cholesterol were significantly lower in the dogs fed the NPHF diet compared with those fed the HPHC diet after the diet trial was completed. In addition, folate, B12, and iron decreased significantly in the NPHF diet group. Conclusions This pilot study indicated that diet had an impact on blood values, although most remained within RIs, pointing out the need for further studies.