Unsaturation Elements and Other Modifications of Phospholipids in Bacteria: New Insight from Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry

Glycerophospholipids (GPLs), one of the main components of bacterial cell membranes, exhibit high levels of structural complexity that are directly correlated with biophysical membrane properties such as permeability and fluidity. This structural complexity arises from the substantial variability in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2020-07, Vol.92 (13), p.9146-9155
Main Authors: Blevins, Molly S, James, Virginia K, Herrera, Carmen M, Purcell, Alexandria B, Trent, M. Stephen, Brodbelt, Jennifer S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Cell membranes
Chains
Chemistry
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Complexity
Cyclopropane
Fluidity
Glycerophospholipids - analysis
Glycerophospholipids - chemistry
Glycerophospholipids - metabolism
Gram-Negative Bacteria - metabolism
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-Positive Bacteria - metabolism
Hydroxyl groups
Liquid chromatography
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Membrane permeability
Phospholipids
Photodissociation
Photolysis - radiation effects
Scientific imaging
Spectroscopy
Surface charge
Ultraviolet Rays
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Summary:Glycerophospholipids (GPLs), one of the main components of bacterial cell membranes, exhibit high levels of structural complexity that are directly correlated with biophysical membrane properties such as permeability and fluidity. This structural complexity arises from the substantial variability in the individual GPL structural components such as the acyl chain length and headgroup type and is further amplified by the presence of modifications such as double bonds and cyclopropane rings. Here we use liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution and high-mass-accuracy ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the most in-depth study of bacterial GPL modifications to date. In doing so, we unravel a diverse array of unexplored GPL modifications, ranging from acyl chain hydroxyl groups to novel headgroup structures. Along with characterizing these modifications, we elucidate general trends in bacterial GPL unsaturation elements and thus aim to decipher some of the biochemical pathways of unsaturation incorporation in bacterial GPLs. Finally, we discover aminoacyl-PGs not only in Gram-positive bacteria but also in Gram-negative C. jejuni, advancing our knowledge of the methods of surface charge modulation that Gram-negative organisms may adopt for antibiotic resistance.
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01449