Phospholipase A2 is an Inflammatory Predictor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Is there any Spacious Room to Prove the Causation?

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme family of phospholipase A2 produced by the inflammatory cell in atherosclerotic plaque. It is transported in the circulation, attached mainly to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). It hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids particularly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current cardiology reviews 2020, Vol.16 (1), p.3-10
Main Authors: Santoso, Anwar, Heriansyah, Teuku, Rohman, Mohammad S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase - metabolism
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology
Causation
Cerebral infarction
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Health risks
Heart diseases
Humans
Inhibitors
Lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Myocardial infarction
Phospholipase
Phospholipase A2
Plaques
Population studies
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Summary:Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme family of phospholipase A2 produced by the inflammatory cell in atherosclerotic plaque. It is transported in the circulation, attached mainly to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). It hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids particularly fatty acids at the sn-2 position and produces numerous bioactive lipids; and leads to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and development of the necrotic core in plaques. There are two kinds of phospholipase A2, namely: secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Lp- PLA2. They are deemed as evolving predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hospitaland population-based studies, including healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and patients with CVD. Unfortunately, Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (darapladib) and s-PLA2 inhibitor (varespladib methyl) failed to prove to lower the risk of composite CVD mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke in those with stable CVD and ACS. Herein, we describe the explanation based on the existing data why there is still a discrepancy among them. So, it highlights the opinion that phospholipase A2 is merely the inflammatory biomarkers of CVD and playing an important role in atherosclerosis. Further, there is more spacious room to prove the causation.
ISSN:1573-403X
1875-6557
DOI:10.2174/1573403X15666190531111932