Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2020-07, Vol.12 (7), p.1827
Main Authors: Wong, Grace L, Abu Jalboush, Sara, Lo, Hui-Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biosynthesis
Breast cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell signaling
Communication
Exosomes
Gene expression
Genomes
Growth factors
Malignancy
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Nobel prizes
Organotropism
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Radiation therapy
Review
Roles
Stroma
Tumor cells
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Summary:Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes, particularly, those underlying organotropism towards brain, bone, and lungs. In this review, we will primarily focus on the roles that circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play in organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play critical roles in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs can be encapsulated in exosomes; cargo-loaded exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor-stroma interactions or released to circulation to prime distant organs for subsequent metastasis. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge on the biogenesis of exosomes and miRNAs, mechanisms of cargo sorting into exosomes, the exosomal miRNAs implicated in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic exosomal miRNAs.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers12071827