Novel imaging technology and procedures for studying brain function in preadolescent awake marmosets

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods 2020-09, Vol.343, p.108823-108823, Article 108823
• Main Authors: Ziegler, Toni E., Kulkarni, Praveen, Ash, Hayley, Cai, Xuezhu, Elizabeth Mayerand, M., Rauch, Beth, Ferris, Craig F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Awake marmosets; Brain development; Callithrix jacchus; Methods for brain imaging; Resting state connectivity
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108823

•Novel technology for functional magnetic resonance imaging in preadolescent marmoset monkeys.•Imaging is fully awake without any history of anesthesia or sedation.•Young marmosets acclimate to the imaging process.•The head restraint cradle eliminates surgery, ear bars and bite bar. Novel imaging technology and procedures were developed to study brain function in preadolescent awake marmosets never exposed to anesthesia. A radiofrequency transmit and receive, head only volume coil was designed and integrated into a holding system. An acclimation procedure was developed without the use of anesthesia or sedation that allowed for awake imaging. Preadolescent 8-month old male and female marmosets were imaged for resting state BOLD functional connectivity to assess the status of the default mode network. Levels of reactivity during acclimation sessions and behavioral stress following imaging were assessed. Data on functional coupling in the default mode network suggest the organization of connectivity to the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed at 8 months of age. The stress associated with the imaging procedure is comparable to that observed when marmosets are removed from their home cage and temporarily isolated from the family. The design of the radiofrequency coil provides B1 homogeneity across the entire brain without signal drop off. The unique design of the head cradle obviates the need for any stabilizing surgery, ear bars or bite bar and could be adapted to any size marmoset. The acclimation requires no anesthesia or sedation at any time in the early life of the developing marmoset, a condition that better reflects the human experience. A method is provided for imaging functional activity in the brain of fully awake preadolescent marmosets without any history of anesthesia or sedation.