A COVID-19 Airway Management Innovation with Pragmatic Efficacy Evaluation: The Patient Particle Containment Chamber

• Published in: Annals of biomedical engineering 2020-10, Vol.48 (10), p.2371-2376
• Main Authors: Maloney, Lauren M., Yang, Ariel H., Princi, Rudolph A., Eichert, Alexander J., Hébert, Daniella R., Kupec, Taelyn V., Mertz, Alexander E., Vasyltsiv, Roman, Vijaya Kumar, Thea M., Walker, Griffin J., Peralta, Edder J., Hoffman, Jason L., Yin, Wei, Page, Christopher R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Betacoronavirus; Biochemistry; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedicine; Biophysics; Classical Mechanics; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology; Coronavirus Infections - therapy; COVID-19; Editorial; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pandemics; Periodicals as Topic; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
• ISSN: 0090-6964; 1573-9686
• DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02599-6

The unique resource constraints, urgency, and virulence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has sparked immense innovation in the development of barrier devices to protect healthcare providers from infectious airborne particles generated by patients during airway management interventions. Of the existing devices, all have shortcomings which render them ineffective and impractical in out-of-hospital environments. Therefore, we propose a new design for such a device, along with a pragmatic evaluation of its efficacy. Must-have criteria for the device included: reduction of aerosol transmission by at least 90% as measured by pragmatic testing; construction from readily available, inexpensive materials; easy to clean; and compatibility with common EMS stretchers. The Patient Particle Containment Chamber (PPCC) consists of a standard shower liner draped over a modified octagonal PVC pipe frame and secured with binder clips. 3D printed sleeve portals were used to secure plastic sleeves to the shower liner wall. A weighted tube sealed the exterior base of the chamber with the contours of the patient’s body and stretcher. Upon testing, the PPCC contained 99% of spray-paint particles sprayed over a 90s period. Overall, the PPCC provides a compact, affordable option that can be used in both the in-hospital and out-of-hospital environments.