SARS, MERS and COVID-19: clinical manifestations and organ-system complications: a mini review

ABSTRACT Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by three distinct coronaviruses belonging to the same genus. COVID-19 and its two predecessors share many important features in their clinical presentations,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens and Disease 2020-06, Vol.78 (4)
Main Authors: Gerges Harb, Jad, Noureldine, Hussein A, Chedid, Georges, Eldine, Mariam Nour, Abdallah, Dany Abou, Chedid, Nancy Falco, Nour-Eldine, Wared
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Kidney Injury - virology
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis
Coronavirus Infections - pathology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokine Release Syndrome - virology
Gastrointestinal Diseases - virology
Heart Failure - virology
Humans
Liver Failure, Acute - virology
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Mini Review
Minireview
Morbidity
Nervous System Diseases - virology
Neurological complications
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis
Pneumonia, Viral - pathology
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory Insufficiency - virology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - diagnosis
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - pathology
Viral diseases
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Summary:ABSTRACT Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by three distinct coronaviruses belonging to the same genus. COVID-19 and its two predecessors share many important features in their clinical presentations, and in their propensity for progression to severe disease which is marked by high rates of morbidity and mortality. However, comparison of the three viral illnesses also reveals a number of specific differences in clinical manifestations and complications, which suggest variability in the disease process. This narrative review delineates the pulmonary, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological and hematologic complications associated with these three respiratory coronaviruses. It further describes the mechanisms of immune hyperactivation—particularly cytokine release syndrome—implicated in the multi-organ system injury seen in severe cases of MERS, SARS and COVID-19. This manuscript compares the effects of MERS, SARS and COVID-19 that may arise as damage to separate organ systems or as part of an immune mediated multi-organ failure.
ISSN:2049-632X
2049-632X
DOI:10.1093/femspd/ftaa033