Investigation of Correlated Internet and Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents: Copula Regression Analysis

Internet and smartphone addiction have become important social issues. Various studies have demonstrated their association with clinical and psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, aggression, anger expression, and behavioral inhibition, and behavioral activation systems. However, thes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2020-08, Vol.17 (16), p.5806
Main Authors: Lee, Minji, Chung, Sun Ju, Lee, Youngjo, Park, Sera, Kwon, Jun-Gun, Kim, Dai Jin, Lee, Donghwan, Choi, Jung-Seok
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Addictive behaviors
Aggression
Aggressive behavior
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Bivariate analysis
Goodness of fit
Inhibition (psychology)
Internet
Psychological factors
Regression analysis
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Schools
Smartphones
Statistical models
Teenagers
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Summary:Internet and smartphone addiction have become important social issues. Various studies have demonstrated their association with clinical and psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, aggression, anger expression, and behavioral inhibition, and behavioral activation systems. However, these two addictions are also highly correlated with each other, so the consideration of the relationship between internet and smartphone addiction can enhance the analysis. In this study, we considered the copula regression model to regress the bivariate addictions on clinical and psychological factors. Real data analysis with 555 students (age range: 14–15 years; males, N = 295; females, N = 265) from South Korean public middle schools is illustrated. By fitting the copula regression model, we investigated the dependency between internet and smartphone addiction and determined the risk factors associated with the two addictions. Furthermore, by comparing the model fits of the copula model with linear regression and generalized linear models, the best copula model was proposed in terms of goodness of fit. Our findings revealed that internet and smartphone addiction are not separate problems, and that associations between them should be considered. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, the behavioral inhibition system, and aggression were also significantly associated with both addictions, while ADHD symptoms were related to internet addiction only. We emphasize the need to establish policies on the prevention, management, and education of addiction.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph17165806