Biomarkers of Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Coming up to the Place?

Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) recapitulates all the hallmarks of aging and has become a focus in geroscience. Factors spanning muscle-specific processes (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal myocytes) to systemic changes (e.g., inflammation and amino acid dysmetabolism) have been...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-08, Vol.21 (16), p.5635
Main Authors: Picca, Anna, Calvani, Riccardo, Cesari, Matteo, Landi, Francesco, Bernabei, Roberto, Coelho-Júnior, Hélio José, Marzetti, Emanuele
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activities of daily living
Age
Aging
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Correlation analysis
Creatinine
Frailty
Frailty - blood
Frailty - metabolism
Frailty - microbiology
Frailty - physiopathology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Heterogeneity
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - blood
Institutionalization
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mitochondria
Mobility
Muscles
Myocytes
Older people
Pathophysiology
Power
Review
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia - blood
Sarcopenia - metabolism
Sarcopenia - microbiology
Sarcopenia - physiopathology
Urine
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Summary:Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) recapitulates all the hallmarks of aging and has become a focus in geroscience. Factors spanning muscle-specific processes (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal myocytes) to systemic changes (e.g., inflammation and amino acid dysmetabolism) have been pinpointed as possible contributors to PF&S pathophysiology. However, the search for PF&S biomarkers allowing the early identification and tracking of the condition over time is ongoing. This is mainly due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of PF&S, its unclear pathophysiology, and the frequent superimposition of other age-related conditions. Hence, presently, the identification of PF&S relies upon clinical, functional, and imaging parameters. The adoption of multi-marker approaches (combined with multivariate modeling) has shown great potential for addressing the complexity of PF&S pathophysiology and identifying candidate biological markers. Well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary for the incorporation of reliable biomarkers into clinical practice and for unveiling novel targets that are amenable to interventions.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21165635