Towards the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer by the pre-treatment of human urine using ionic liquids

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. Most available techniques for PSA quantification in human fluids require extensive sample processing and expensive immunoassays that are often unavailable in developing cou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2020-09, Vol.10 (1), p.14931-14931, Article 14931
Main Authors: Pereira, Matheus M., Calixto, João D., Sousa, Ana C. A., Pereira, Bruno J., Lima, Álvaro S., Coutinho, João A. P., Freire, Mara G.
Format: Article
Language:English
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AMP-activated protein kinase
Chloranthus japonicus
Developing countries
Diagnosis, Differential
Electron transport chain
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Glucose transporter
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Hepatocytes
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immunoassays
Ionic Liquids
Kinases
LDCs
Male
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Mitochondria
multidisciplinary
Myotubes
Phosphorylation
Prostate cancer
Prostate-Specific Antigen - urine
Prostatic Neoplasms - classification
Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis
Prostatic Neoplasms - urine
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Specimen Handling - methods
Urinalysis - methods
Urine
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Summary:Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. Most available techniques for PSA quantification in human fluids require extensive sample processing and expensive immunoassays that are often unavailable in developing countries. The quantification of PSA in serum is the most common practice; however, PSA is also present in human urine, although less used in diagnosis. Herein we demonstrate the use of ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based ABS) as effective pre-treatment strategies of human urine, allowing the PSA detection and quantification by more expedite equipment in a non-invasive matrix. If properly designed, IL-based ABS afford the simultaneous extraction and concentration of PSA (at least up to 250-fold) in the IL-rich phase. The best ABS not only allow to concentrate PSA but also other forms of PSA, which can be additionally quantified, paving the way to their use in differential prostate cancer diagnosis.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-71925-8