DNA methylation aberrancies delineate clinically distinct subsets of colorectal cancer and provide novel targets for epigenetic therapies

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern with respect to both incidence and mortality, and as a result, CRC tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis have been heavily studied, especially with respect to identifying genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of disease....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oncogene 2018-02, Vol.37 (5), p.566-577
Main Authors: Weisenberger, D J, Liang, G, Lenz, H-J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/337/176/1988
692/53/2421
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Apoptosis
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Care and treatment
Cell Biology
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Colorectal Neoplasms - drug therapy
Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality
CpG islands
CpG Islands - genetics
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Development and progression
DNA
DNA Demethylation - drug effects
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - drug effects
DNA Methylation - genetics
DNA Modification Methylases - antagonists & inhibitors
DNA Modification Methylases - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic - drug effects
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Epigenomics - methods
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - genetics
Gene Silencing
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Human Genetics
Humans
Internal Medicine
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metastases
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods
Mutation
Oncogenes
Oncology
Prognosis
Proteomics
review
Risk factors
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Items that cite this one
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Summary:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern with respect to both incidence and mortality, and as a result, CRC tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis have been heavily studied, especially with respect to identifying genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of disease. DNA methylation alterations are hallmarks of CRC, and epigenetic driver genes have been identified that are thought to be involved in early stages of tumorigenesis. Moreover, distinct CRC patient subgroups are organized based on DNA methylation profiles. CRC tumors displaying CpG island methylator phenotypes (CIMPs), defined as DNA hypermethylation at specific CpG islands in subsets of tumors, show high concordance with specific genetic alterations, disease risk factors and patient outcome. This review details the DNA methylation alterations in CRC, the significance of CIMP status, the development of treatments based on specific molecular profiles and the application of epigenetic therapies for CRC patient treatment.
ISSN:0950-9232
1476-5594
DOI:10.1038/onc.2017.374