Review of analytical performance of COVID-19 detection methods

• Published in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2021-01, Vol.413 (1), p.35-48
• Main Authors: Giri, Basant, Pandey, Shishir, Shrestha, Retina, Pokharel, Krisha, Ligler, Frances S., Neupane, Bhanu B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Analytical Chemistry; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - analysis; Biochemistry; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - virology; Decision making; Diagnostic systems; Epidemics; Food Science; Health promotion; Humans; Laboratories; Laboratory Medicine; Mathematical analysis; Medical screening; Medical tests; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Nepal; Pandemics; Public health; Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA, Viral - genetics; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Statistics; Ultrasonic testing; Varieties; Viral diseases
• ISSN: 1618-2642; 1618-2650
• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02889-x

In the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, public health experts have emphasized testing, tracking infected people, and tracing their contacts as an effective strategy to reduce the spread of the virus. Several diagnostic methods are reported for detecting the coronavirus in clinical, research, and public health laboratories. Some tests detect the infection directly by detecting the viral RNA and other tests detect the infection indirectly by detecting the host antibodies. A diagnostic test during the pandemic should help make an appropriate clinical decision in a short period of time. Recently reported diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 have varying throughput, batching capacity, requirement of infrastructure setting, analytical performance, and turnaround times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. These factors should be considered while selecting a reliable and rapid diagnostic method to help make an appropriate decision and prompt public health interventions. This paper reviews recent SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods published in journals and reports released by regulatory agencies. We compared the analytical efficiency including limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. In addition, we also looked into ease of use, affordability, and availability of accessories. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the methods and provide our perspectives on priorities for future test development.