The Physical and Psychological Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

• Published in: Journal of emergency nursing 2020-11, Vol.46 (6), p.791-801.e7
• Main Authors: Xia, Wei, Fu, Lin, Liao, Haihan, Yang, Chan, Guo, Haipeng, Bian, Zhouyan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; China - epidemiology; Complaints; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - prevention & control; Cross Infection - prevention & control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Discomfort; Emergency medical care; Female; Health care; Health care worker; Health Personnel - psychology; Hospitals; Humans; Infections; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional - prevention & control; Intensive care; Male; Medical personnel; Mental health; Pandemics; Personal protective equipment; Personal Protective Equipment - adverse effects; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology; Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control; Pneumonia, Viral - virology; Pressure ulcers; Psychological aspects; Psychological state; Risk reduction; Safety; Safety measures; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires; Workers; Working hours
• ISSN: 0099-1767; 1527-2966; 1527-2966
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.004

The purpose of this study was to rapidly quantify the safety measures regarding donning and doffing personal protective equipment, complaints of discomfort caused by wearing personal protective equipment, and the psychological perceptions of health care workers in hospitals in Wuhan, China, responding to the outbreak. A cross-sectional online questionnaire design was used Data were collected from March 14, 2020, to March 16, 2020, in Wuhan, China. Descriptive statistics and χ2 analyses testing were used. Standard nosocomial infection training could significantly decrease the occurrence of infection (3.6% vs 13.0%, χ2 = 4.47, P < 0.05). Discomfort can be classified into 7 categories. Female sex (66.0% vs 50.5%, χ2 = 6.37), occupation (62.7% vs 30.8%, χ2 = 5.33), working at designated hospitals (44.8% vs 26.7%, χ2 = 5.17) or in intensive care units (70.4% vs 57.9%, χ2 = 3.88), and working in personal protective equipment for > 4 hours (62.2% vs 39.2%, χ2 = 9.17) led to more complaints about physical discomfort or increased occurrence of pressure sores (all P < 0.05). Psychologically, health care workers at designated hospitals (60.0% vs 42.1%, χ2 = 4.97) or intensive care units (55.9% vs 41.5%, χ2 = 4.40) (all P < 0.05) expressed different rates of pride. Active training on infection and protective equipment could reduce the infection risk. Working for long hours increased the occurrence of discomfort and skin erosion. Reducing the working hours and having adequate protective products and proper psychological interventions may be beneficial to relieve discomfort.