Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies

Memory-one strategies are a set of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma strategies that have been praised for their mathematical tractability and performance against single opponents. This manuscript investigates best response memory-one strategies with a theory of mind for their opponents. The results add t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2020-10, Vol.10 (1), p.17287, Article 17287
Main Authors: Glynatsi, Nikoleta E., Knight, Vincent A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/181
639/705
Biological Evolution
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Memory
Models, Theoretical
multidisciplinary
Prisoner Dilemma
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Theory of Mind
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3
container_end_page
container_issue 1
container_start_page 17287
container_title Scientific reports
container_volume 10
creator Glynatsi, Nikoleta E.
Knight, Vincent A.
description Memory-one strategies are a set of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma strategies that have been praised for their mathematical tractability and performance against single opponents. This manuscript investigates best response memory-one strategies with a theory of mind for their opponents. The results add to the literature that has shown that extortionate play is not always optimal by showing that optimal play is often not extortionate. They also provide evidence that memory-one strategies suffer from their limited memory in multi agent interactions and can be out performed by optimised strategies with longer memory. We have developed a theory that has allowed to explore the entire space of memory-one strategies. The framework presented is suitable to study memory-one strategies in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, but also in evolutionary processes such as the Moran process. Furthermore, results on the stability of defection in populations of memory-one strategies are also obtained.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-020-74181-y
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7560663</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2451859655</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kT1PwzAQhi0EolXpH2BAGVkCdvyRZEFCFQWkSix0thznkqZK7GKnSPn3uKSgsuDlLN9z753vReia4DuCaXbvGeF5FuMExykjGYmHMzRNMONxQpPk_OQ-QXPvtzgcnuSM5JdoQinmKaFsipZr35g6UlG_AeuGyFZR15gy6m1UHWIBvo8c-J01HvzhuYMugLE1EPneqR7qBvwVuqhU62F-jDO0Xj69L17i1dvz6-JxFWsucB-rLCWgGM-ZxlVOsSowFKCJwCRVZYa1SAUTuMxFxTRkVJV5JbAgTEHJFWg6Qw-j7m5fdFBqMGGEVu5c0yk3SKsa-Tdjmo2s7adMQ38haBC4PQo4-7EPn5Nd4zW0rTJg914mjJOM54LzgCYjqp313kH124ZgefBAjh7I4IH89kAOoejmdMDfkp-NB4COgA8pU4OTW7t3JiztP9kv-j2T2w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2451859655</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies</title><source>PubMed (Medline)</source><source>Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access)</source><source>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</source><source>Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access</source><creator>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E. ; Knight, Vincent A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E. ; Knight, Vincent A.</creatorcontrib><description>Memory-one strategies are a set of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma strategies that have been praised for their mathematical tractability and performance against single opponents. This manuscript investigates best response memory-one strategies with a theory of mind for their opponents. The results add to the literature that has shown that extortionate play is not always optimal by showing that optimal play is often not extortionate. They also provide evidence that memory-one strategies suffer from their limited memory in multi agent interactions and can be out performed by optimised strategies with longer memory. We have developed a theory that has allowed to explore the entire space of memory-one strategies. The framework presented is suitable to study memory-one strategies in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, but also in evolutionary processes such as the Moran process. Furthermore, results on the stability of defection in populations of memory-one strategies are also obtained.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74181-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33057134</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/181 ; 639/705 ; Biological Evolution ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Memory ; Models, Theoretical ; multidisciplinary ; Prisoner Dilemma ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Theory of Mind</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2020-10, Vol.10 (1), p.17287, Article 17287</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7560663/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7560663/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,36990,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057134$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knight, Vincent A.</creatorcontrib><title>Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Memory-one strategies are a set of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma strategies that have been praised for their mathematical tractability and performance against single opponents. This manuscript investigates best response memory-one strategies with a theory of mind for their opponents. The results add to the literature that has shown that extortionate play is not always optimal by showing that optimal play is often not extortionate. They also provide evidence that memory-one strategies suffer from their limited memory in multi agent interactions and can be out performed by optimised strategies with longer memory. We have developed a theory that has allowed to explore the entire space of memory-one strategies. The framework presented is suitable to study memory-one strategies in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, but also in evolutionary processes such as the Moran process. Furthermore, results on the stability of defection in populations of memory-one strategies are also obtained.</description><subject>631/181</subject><subject>639/705</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Prisoner Dilemma</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Theory of Mind</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kT1PwzAQhi0EolXpH2BAGVkCdvyRZEFCFQWkSix0thznkqZK7GKnSPn3uKSgsuDlLN9z753vReia4DuCaXbvGeF5FuMExykjGYmHMzRNMONxQpPk_OQ-QXPvtzgcnuSM5JdoQinmKaFsipZr35g6UlG_AeuGyFZR15gy6m1UHWIBvo8c-J01HvzhuYMugLE1EPneqR7qBvwVuqhU62F-jDO0Xj69L17i1dvz6-JxFWsucB-rLCWgGM-ZxlVOsSowFKCJwCRVZYa1SAUTuMxFxTRkVJV5JbAgTEHJFWg6Qw-j7m5fdFBqMGGEVu5c0yk3SKsa-Tdjmo2s7adMQ38haBC4PQo4-7EPn5Nd4zW0rTJg914mjJOM54LzgCYjqp313kH124ZgefBAjh7I4IH89kAOoejmdMDfkp-NB4COgA8pU4OTW7t3JiztP9kv-j2T2w</recordid><startdate>20201014</startdate><enddate>20201014</enddate><creator>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E.</creator><creator>Knight, Vincent A.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201014</creationdate><title>Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies</title><author>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E. ; Knight, Vincent A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>631/181</topic><topic>639/705</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Prisoner Dilemma</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Theory of Mind</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knight, Vincent A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Glynatsi, Nikoleta E.</au><au>Knight, Vincent A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2020-10-14</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>17287</spage><pages>17287-</pages><artnum>17287</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Memory-one strategies are a set of Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma strategies that have been praised for their mathematical tractability and performance against single opponents. This manuscript investigates best response memory-one strategies with a theory of mind for their opponents. The results add to the literature that has shown that extortionate play is not always optimal by showing that optimal play is often not extortionate. They also provide evidence that memory-one strategies suffer from their limited memory in multi agent interactions and can be out performed by optimised strategies with longer memory. We have developed a theory that has allowed to explore the entire space of memory-one strategies. The framework presented is suitable to study memory-one strategies in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, but also in evolutionary processes such as the Moran process. Furthermore, results on the stability of defection in populations of memory-one strategies are also obtained.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>33057134</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-020-74181-y</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2045-2322
ispartof Scientific reports, 2020-10, Vol.10 (1), p.17287, Article 17287
issn 2045-2322
2045-2322
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7560663
source PubMed (Medline); Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access
subjects 631/181
639/705
Biological Evolution
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Memory
Models, Theoretical
multidisciplinary
Prisoner Dilemma
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Theory of Mind
title Using a theory of mind to find best responses to memory-one strategies
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T02%3A42%3A53IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Using%20a%20theory%20of%20mind%20to%20find%20best%20responses%20to%20memory-one%20strategies&rft.jtitle=Scientific%20reports&rft.au=Glynatsi,%20Nikoleta%20E.&rft.date=2020-10-14&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17287&rft.pages=17287-&rft.artnum=17287&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41598-020-74181-y&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2451859655%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c560t-a871ea4594c0f930ab0ebec16017ad80c676460d96f4ce83ad9f60614aed5aec3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2451859655&rft_id=info:pmid/33057134&rfr_iscdi=true