Snorkeling Strategy: Tolerance to Flooding in Rice and Potential Application for Weed Management

Flooding is an important strategy for weed control in paddy rice fields. However, terrestrial weeds had evolved mechanisms of tolerance to flooding, resulting in new 'snorkeling' ecotypes. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of flooding tolerance in cultivated and weedy ric...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2020-08, Vol.11 (9), p.975
Main Authors: Kaspary, Tiago Edu, Roma-Burgos, Nilda, Merotto, Jr, Aldo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Adaptation, Physiological
Agricultural production
Anoxia
Domestication
Ecotypes
Energy intake
Flooding
Floods
Genes
Genetic engineering
Germination
Herbicides
Metabolism
Morphology
Oryza - physiology
Phenotype
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plant Weeds - growth & development
Respiration
Review
Rice
Rice fields
RNA-mediated interference
Seeds
Submergence
Transposons
Weed control
Weed Control - methods
Weeds
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Summary:Flooding is an important strategy for weed control in paddy rice fields. However, terrestrial weeds had evolved mechanisms of tolerance to flooding, resulting in new 'snorkeling' ecotypes. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of flooding tolerance in cultivated and weedy rice at different plant stages and the putative utility of this trait for weed management. Knowledge about flooding tolerance is derived primarily from crop models, mainly rice. The rice model informs us about the possible flooding tolerance mechanisms in weedy rice, species, and other weeds. During germination, the gene related to carbohydrate mobilization and energy intake ( ), and genes involved in metabolism maintenance under anoxia ( , and ) are the most important for flooding tolerance. Flooding tolerance during emergence involved responses promoted by ethylene and induction of , , , and . Plant species tolerant to complete submersion also employ escape strategies or the ability to become quiescent during the submergence period. In weedy rice, the expression of , , and genes is not directly related to flooding tolerance, contrary to what was learned in cultivated rice. Mitigation of flooding tolerance in weeds could be achieved with biotechnological approaches and genetic manipulation of flood tolerance genes through RNAi and transposons, providing a potential new tool for weed management.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes11090975