Pharmacogenomics to Predict Tumor Therapy Response: A Focus on ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters and Cytochromes P450

Pharmacogenomics is an evolving tool of precision medicine. Recently, due to the introduction of next-generation sequencing and projects generating “Big Data”, a plethora of new genetic variants in pharmacogenes have been discovered. Cancer resistance is a major complication often preventing success...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of personalized medicine 2020-09, Vol.10 (3), p.108
Main Authors: Hlavac, Viktor, Holy, Petr, Soucek, Pavel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABC transporters
ATP-binding protein
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Carrier proteins
Cloning
Copy number
Cytochrome
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochromes
Drug dosages
Enzymatic activity
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Genomics
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Kinases
Medical prognosis
Metabolism
Metabolites
Methods
Mutation
Next-generation sequencing
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenomics
Precision medicine
Review
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Tumor cells
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Summary:Pharmacogenomics is an evolving tool of precision medicine. Recently, due to the introduction of next-generation sequencing and projects generating “Big Data”, a plethora of new genetic variants in pharmacogenes have been discovered. Cancer resistance is a major complication often preventing successful anticancer treatments. Pharmacogenomics of both somatic mutations in tumor cells and germline variants may help optimize targeted treatments and improve the response to conventional oncological therapy. In addition, integrative approaches combining copy number variations and long noncoding RNA profiling with germline and somatic variations seem to be a promising approach as well. In pharmacology, expression and enzyme activity are traditionally the more studied aspects of ATP-binding cassette transporters and cytochromes P450. In this review, we briefly introduce the field of pharmacogenomics and the advancements driven by next-generation sequencing and outline the possible roles of genetic variation in the two large pharmacogene superfamilies. Although the evidence needs further substantiation, somatic and copy number variants as well as rare variants and common polymorphisms in these genes could all affect response to cancer therapy. Regulation by long noncoding RNAs has also been shown to play a role. However, in all these areas, more comprehensive studies on larger sets of patients are needed.
ISSN:2075-4426
2075-4426
DOI:10.3390/jpm10030108