The bioaerosols emitted from toilet and wastewater treatment plant: a literature review

The aerosols harboring microorganisms and viruses released from the wastewater system into the air have greatly threatened the health and safety of human beings. The wastewater systems, including toilet and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), are the major locations of epidemic infections due to the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-01, Vol.28 (3), p.2509-2521
Main Authors: Lou, Mengmeng, Liu, Shuai, Gu, Chunjie, Hu, Huimin, Tang, Zhengkun, Zhang, Yaopeng, Xu, Chenye, Li, Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerosols
Air Microbiology
Airborne microorganisms
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bathroom Equipment
Bioaerosols
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Human wastes
Humans
Literature reviews
Microorganisms
Review
Review Article
Viruses
Waste Water
Waste Water Technology
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment plants
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water Purification
Water treatment
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Summary:The aerosols harboring microorganisms and viruses released from the wastewater system into the air have greatly threatened the health and safety of human beings. The wastewater systems, including toilet and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), are the major locations of epidemic infections due to the extensive sources of aerosols, as well as multifarious germs and microorganisms. Viruses and microorganisms may transport from both toilet and hospital into municipal pipes and subsequently into WWTP, which accounts for the main source of bioaerosols dispersed in the air of the wastewater system. This review aims to elaborate the generation, transmission, and diffusion processes of bioaerosols at toilet and WWTP. Moreover, the main factors affecting bioaerosol transmission and the corresponding prevention strategies for the airborne and inhaled bioaerosols are also discussed. Collectively, this review highlights the importance of managing bioaerosol occurrence in the wastewater system, which has aroused increasing concern from the public.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-11297-8