R2 and Non-Site-Specific R2-Like Retrotransposons of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica

The structural and functional organization of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the full-length R2 non-LTR retrotransposon (integrated into a specific site of 28S ribosomal RNA genes) of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is described. A partial sequence of the R2 retrotransposon of the coc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2020-10, Vol.11 (10), p.1202
Main Authors: Zagoskina, Arina, Firsov, Sergei, Lazebnaya, Irina, Lazebny, Oleg, Mukha, Dmitry V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Annealing
Blattella germanica
Cloning
Cockroaches
Functional morphology
Genetic aspects
Genetic distance
Genetic diversity
Genetic engineering
Genetic markers
Genomes
Insertion
Next-generation sequencing
Open reading frames
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Physiological aspects
Population genetics
Recombination
Retrotransposons
Ribosomal DNA
rRNA 28S
Structure-function relationships
Transposition
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Summary:The structural and functional organization of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the full-length R2 non-LTR retrotransposon (integrated into a specific site of 28S ribosomal RNA genes) of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is described. A partial sequence of the R2 retrotransposon of the cockroach Rhyparobia maderae is also analyzed. The analysis of previously published next-generation sequencing data from the B. germanica genome reveals a new type of retrotransposon closely related to R2 retrotransposons but with a random distribution in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that these newly described retrotransposons form a separate clade. It is shown that proteins corresponding to the open reading frames of newly described retrotransposons exhibit unequal structural domains. Within these retrotransposons, a recombination event is described. New mechanism of transposition activity is discussed. The essential structural features of R2 retrotransposons are conserved in cockroaches and are typical of previously described R2 retrotransposons. However, the investigation of the number and frequency of 5′-truncated R2 retrotransposon insertion variants in eight B. germanica populations suggests recent mobile element activity. It is shown that the pattern of 5′-truncated R2 retrotransposon copies can be an informative molecular genetic marker for revealing genetic distances between insect populations.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes11101202