Neutrophils as a Novel Target of Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins and an Accelerator of Cardiovascular Diseases

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly contribute to various pathophysiological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. NET formation in the vasculature exhibits inflammatory and thrombogenic activities on the endothelium. NETs are induced by various stimulants such as exogenous...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2020-11, Vol.21 (21), p.8312
Main Authors: Obama, Takashi, Itabe, Hiroyuki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Endothelial Cells - metabolism
Extracellular Traps - immunology
Extracellular Traps - metabolism
Foam Cells - metabolism
Humans
Lipoproteins - metabolism
Lipoproteins, LDL - metabolism
Macrophages - metabolism
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Peroxidase - metabolism
Review
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Summary:Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly contribute to various pathophysiological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. NET formation in the vasculature exhibits inflammatory and thrombogenic activities on the endothelium. NETs are induced by various stimulants such as exogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been physiologically defined as a subpopulation of LDL that comprises various oxidative modifications in the protein components and oxidized lipids, which could act as DAMPs. oxLDL has been recognized as a crucial initiator and accelerator of atherosclerosis through foam cell formation by macrophages; however, recent studies have demonstrated that oxLDL stimulates neutrophils to induce NET formation and enhance NET-mediated inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, thereby suggesting that oxLDL may be involved in cardiovascular diseases through neutrophil activation. As NETs comprise myeloperoxidase and proteases, they have the potential to mediate oxidative modification of LDL. This review summarizes recent updates on the analysis of NETs, their implications for cardiovascular diseases, and prospects for a possible link between NET formation and oxidative modification of lipoproteins.
ISSN:1422-0067
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms21218312