Peptide and peptide-based inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry

• Published in: Advanced drug delivery reviews 2020-12, Vol.167, p.47-65
• Main Authors: Schütz, Desiree, Ruiz-Blanco, Yasser B., Münch, Jan, Kirchhoff, Frank, Sanchez-Garcia, Elsa, Müller, Janis A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - antagonists & inhibitors; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism; Antiviral; Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage; Antiviral Agents - chemistry; Antiviral Agents - metabolism; Coronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 - drug therapy; COVID-19 - metabolism; Drug Delivery Systems - methods; Fusion; Humans; Peptide drug; Peptide Fragments - administration & dosage; Peptide Fragments - chemistry; Peptide Fragments - metabolism; Protein Binding - drug effects; Protein Binding - physiology; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects; SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism; Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - chemistry; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors - metabolism
• ISSN: 0169-409X; 1872-8294
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.007

To date, no effective vaccines or therapies are available against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pandemic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to their safety, efficacy and specificity, peptide inhibitors hold great promise for the treatment of newly emerging viral pathogens. Based on the known structures of viral proteins and their cellular targets, antiviral peptides can be rationally designed and optimized. The resulting peptides may be highly specific for their respective targets and particular viral pathogens or exert broad antiviral activity. Here, we summarize the current status of peptides inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry and outline the strategies used to design peptides targeting the ACE2 receptor or the viral spike protein and its activating proteases furin, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), or cathepsin L. In addition, we present approaches used against related viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 that might be implemented for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Display omitted]