Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation

The sympathetic nervous system integrates the functions of multiple organ systems by regulating their autonomic physiological activities. The immune system is regulated both locally and systemically by the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal gland and local sympa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in immunopathology 2020-12, Vol.42 (6), p.709-717
Main Authors: Sharma, Drashya, Farrar, J. David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adrenal glands
Adrenergic Agents
Adrenergic receptors
Autonomic nervous system
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell activation
Cell migration
Circadian rhythms
Cytokines
Epinephrine
Humans
Immune System
Immunology
Inflammation
Internal Medicine
Nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
Receptors, Adrenergic
Review
Sympathetic nerves
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Summary:The sympathetic nervous system integrates the functions of multiple organ systems by regulating their autonomic physiological activities. The immune system is regulated both locally and systemically by the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the adrenal gland and local sympathetic neurons. Immune cells respond by activation of adrenergic receptors, primarily the β2-adrenergic receptor, which signal through heterotrimeric G-proteins. Depending upon the cell type, adrenergic signaling regulates a variety of functions in immune cells ranging from cellular migration to cytokine secretion. Furthermore, due to the diurnal oscillation of systemic norepinephrine levels, various immune functions follow a circadian rhythmic pattern. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of how the sympathetic nervous system regulates both innate and adaptive immune functions and how this regulation is linked to circadian rhythms.
ISSN:1863-2297
1863-2300
DOI:10.1007/s00281-020-00829-6