Inositol and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review on Deficiencies and Supplementation

Liver lipid accumulation is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), broadly associated with insulin resistance. Inositols (INS) are ubiquitous polyols implied in many physiological functions. They are produced endogenously, are present in many foods and in dietary supplements. Alter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2020-11, Vol.12 (11), p.3379
Main Authors: Pani, Arianna, Giossi, Riccardo, Menichelli, Danilo, Fittipaldo, Veronica Andrea, Agnelli, Francesca, Inglese, Elvira, Romandini, Alessandra, Roncato, Rossana, Pintaudi, Basilio, Del Sole, Francesco, Scaglione, Francesco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accumulation
Animal models
Animals
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - metabolism
Clinical trials
Diabetes mellitus
Dietary Supplements
Fatty liver
Female
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism
Histopathology
Humans
Inositol
Inositol - administration & dosage
Inositol - analogs & derivatives
Inositol - deficiency
Inositols
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Kidneys
Kinases
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipids
Literature reviews
Liver
Liver - metabolism
Liver diseases
Male
Metabolic disorders
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - complications
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - therapy
Peroxidase
Peroxidation
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polyols
Postprandial Period
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Review
Systematic review
Treatment Outcome
Triglycerides
Triglycerides - metabolism
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Summary:Liver lipid accumulation is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), broadly associated with insulin resistance. Inositols (INS) are ubiquitous polyols implied in many physiological functions. They are produced endogenously, are present in many foods and in dietary supplements. Alterations in INS metabolism seems to play a role in diseases involving insulin resistance such as diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. Given its role in other metabolic syndromes, the hypothesis of an INS role as a supplement in NAFLD is intriguing. We performed a systematic review of the literature to find preclinical and clinical evidence of INS supplementation efficacy in NAFLD patients. We retrieved 10 studies on animal models assessing Myoinosiol or Pinitol deficiency or supplementation and one human randomized controlled trial (RCT). Overall, INS deficiency was associated with increased fatty liver in animals. Conversely, INS supplementation in animal models of fatty liver reduced hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation and maintained a normal ultrastructural liver histopathology. In the one included RCT, Pinitol supplementation obtained similar results. Pinitol significantly reduced liver fat, post-prandial triglycerides, AST levels, lipid peroxidation increasing glutathione peroxidase activity. These results, despite being limited, indicate the need for further evaluation of INS in NAFLD in larger clinical trials.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu12113379