Closed-Loop Temperature Control Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Laser Ablation of Hepatic Tissue

Laser ablation (LA) of cancer is a minimally invasive technique based on targeted heat release. Controlling tissue temperature during LA is crucial to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the organs while preserving the healthy tissue around. Here, we report the design and implementation of a r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-11, Vol.20 (22), p.6496
Main Authors: Korganbayev, Sanzhar, Orrico, Annalisa, Bianchi, Leonardo, De Landro, Martina, Wolf, Alexey, Dostovalov, Alexander, Saccomandi, Paola
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ablation
Accuracy
Animals
Bragg gratings
Coated fibers
Control algorithms
Control systems
Cytotoxicity
Fiber optics
Laser ablation
Laser Therapy
Lasers
Light
Liver
Liver - surgery
Liver cancer
Magnetic resonance imaging
Optimal control
Organs
Sensors
Spatial resolution
Temperature
Temperature control
Temperature profiles
Tumors
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Summary:Laser ablation (LA) of cancer is a minimally invasive technique based on targeted heat release. Controlling tissue temperature during LA is crucial to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the organs while preserving the healthy tissue around. Here, we report the design and implementation of a real-time monitoring system performing closed-loop temperature control, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) spatial measurements. Highly dense FBG arrays (1.19 mm length, 0.01 mm edge-to-edge distance) were inscribed in polyimide-coated fibers using the femtosecond point-by-point writing technology to obtain the spatial resolution needed for accurate reconstruction of high-gradient temperature profiles during LA. The zone control strategy was implemented such that the temperature in the laser-irradiated area was maintained at specific set values (43 and 55 °C), in correspondence to specific radii (2 and 6 mm) of the targeted zone. The developed control system was assessed in terms of measured temperature maps during an ex vivo liver LA. Results suggest that the temperature-feedback system provides several advantages, including controlling the margins of the ablated zone and keeping the maximum temperature below the critical values. Our strategy and resulting analysis go beyond the state-of-the-art LA regulation techniques, encouraging further investigation in the identification of the optimal control-loop.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s20226496