Toddler emotion expressions and emotional traits: Associations with parent-toddler verbal conversation

• Published in: Infant behavior & development 2020-11, Vol.61, p.101474-101474, Article 101474
• Main Authors: Fields-Olivieri, Margaret A., Cole, Pamela M., Roben, Caroline K.P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Emotion expression; Language; Parent-child conversation; Temperament; Toddler
• ISSN: 0163-6383; 1879-0453; 1934-8800
• DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101474

•Less surgent toddlers expressing more frequent negative emotion made fewer attempts to verbally communicate.•More frequent toddler positive emotion expression associated with more parent conversational responses and failed turns•Parent conversation initiations unrelated to toddler emotional expressions or traits. The present study examines how toddler emotions may influence their own or their parents’ participation in parent-toddler verbal conversation. Limited, indirect evidence suggests that toddler positive emotions may encourage, whereas negative emotions may disrupt, parent-toddler verbal exchanges, but these hypotheses have not been tested directly. We investigated two aspects of toddler emotions– their emotion expressions and their emotional traits– and examined their relations with parent-toddler verbal conversation engagement. In a sample of families with 18-month-olds (N = 120), we used live, unstructured home observations of toddler emotion expressions and spontaneous parent-toddler verbalizations, and collected parent ratings of toddler temperament. We found that less surgent toddlers who expressed more frequent negative emotion attempted fewer verbalizations. Among all toddlers, those expressing positive emotion received more frequent parent verbal responses, and, unexpectedly, more failed parent attempts to engage their toddler in conversation. Parent-initiated conversation was unrelated to toddler emotion expressions or emotional traits. We discuss how best to integrate the study of early emotional and language development from a transactional perspective.