Subclinical Genital Herpes Shedding in HIV/Herpes Simplex Virus 2-Coinfected Women during Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with an Increase in HIV Tissue Reservoirs and Potentially Promotes HIV Evolution

Antigen (Ag)-specific immune responses to chronic infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in HIV/HSV-coinfected persons, may sustain HIV tissue reservoirs by promoting T-cell proliferation but are poorly studied in women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mixed anogenital swabs and cer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of virology 2020-12, Vol.95 (1)
Main Authors: Stinn, Tajanna, Kuntz, Steve, Varon, Dana, Huang, Meei-Li, Selke, Stacy, Njikan, Samuel, Ford, Emily S, Dragavon, Joan, Coombs, Robert W, Johnston, Christine, Bull, Marta E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Coinfection - drug therapy
Coinfection - immunology
Coinfection - virology
DNA, Viral - genetics
DNA, Viral - metabolism
Female
Genetic Variation
Genitalia, Female - immunology
Genitalia, Female - virology
Herpes Genitalis - drug therapy
Herpes Genitalis - immunology
Herpes Genitalis - virology
Herpesvirus 2, Human - genetics
Herpesvirus 2, Human - physiology
HIV - classification
HIV - drug effects
HIV - genetics
HIV - physiology
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
Humans
Middle Aged
Pathogenesis and Immunity
Phylogeny
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology
Virus Replication
Virus Shedding
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Summary:Antigen (Ag)-specific immune responses to chronic infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in HIV/HSV-coinfected persons, may sustain HIV tissue reservoirs by promoting T-cell proliferation but are poorly studied in women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mixed anogenital swabs and cervical secretions were self-collected by nine HIV/HSV-2-coinfected women during ART for 28 days to establish subclinical HSV DNA shedding rates and detection of HIV RNA by real-time PCR. Typical herpes lesion site biopsy (TLSB) and cervical biopsy specimens were collected at the end of the daily sampling period. Nucleic acids (NA) isolated from biopsy specimens had HIV quantified and HIV C2-V5 single-genome amplification (SGA) and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires assessed. Women had a median CD4 count of 537 cells/μl (IQR: 483 to 741) at enrollment and HIV plasma viral loads of
ISSN:0022-538X
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/JVI.01606-20