The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23

Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world. Since the 1950s, IBV has circulated in the Middle East and North Africa, and no tangible evidence has shown any effect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of virology 2021, Vol.166 (1), p.9-26
Main Authors: Houta, Mohamed H., Hassan, Kareem E., El-Sawah, Azza A., Elkady, Magdy F., Kilany, Walid H., Ali, Ahmed, Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Asia
Avian infectious bronchitis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bird Diseases - virology
Bronchitis
Coronavirus Infections - virology
Europe
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic diversity
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Infectious bronchitis virus - genetics
Infectious Diseases
Medical Microbiology
Middle East
Recombination
Review
Strains (organisms)
Vaccination - methods
Viral diseases
Virology
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Summary:Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world. Since the 1950s, IBV has circulated in the Middle East and North Africa, and no tangible evidence has shown any effects of measures taken to control its spread or evolution. Furthermore, new IBV variants are continually discovered. Although several genetic studies on IBV have been conducted, many IBV strains from this region have either been misclassified or remain unclassified. The genotype 23 (GI-23) variant emerged and has prevailed in the Middle East by continuously evolving through inter- and/or intra-genotypic recombination. The GI-23 genotype is currently enzootic throughout Europe and Asia. Although many studies of protection against the circulating strains have been conducted, they have not been standardized according to regulatory requirements. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution and genetic diversity of IBV genotypes and a genetic classification of IBV strains, with a focus on the GI-23 genotype. The high prevalence of IBV GI-23 strains necessitates the adoption of vaccination schemes using GI-23-based vaccines.
ISSN:0304-8608
1432-8798
DOI:10.1007/s00705-020-04920-z