Associations between Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Diseases and Periodontitis

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-01, Vol.18 (2), p.770
• Main Authors: Pająk-Łysek, Ewa, Polak, Maciej, Kopeć, Grzegorz, Podolec, Mateusz, Desvarieux, Moïse, Pająk, Andrzej, Zarzecka, Joanna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylsalicylic acid; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age; Aged; Angiotensin; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - therapeutic use; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Aspirin; Beta blockers; Blood pressure; Calcium; Calcium channel blockers; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Chronic illnesses; Confidence intervals; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Drugs; Enzyme inhibitors; Gum disease; Health services; Heart diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - drug therapy; Periodontitis - epidemiology; Pharmacology; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Side effects; Statins; Statistical analysis; Teeth; Womens health; Xerostomia
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020770

The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between cardioprotective medications, i.e., beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and periodontitis (PD). Xerostomia increases the risk of PD and is a side effect of some pharmacotherapies. Information about the effect of cardioprotective treatment of periodontal status is scarce. We studied 562 dentate residents of Krakow at the age of 50 to 70 years. Information about treatment was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The pocket depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were used to ascertain PD. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the relation between cardioprotective medications and PD. PD was found in 74% of participants. The range of cardioprotective drug use among participants was 7% (ARBs) to 32% (beta-blockers). After adjusting for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, and education, ASA's use was related to a lower prevalence of PD in all dentate participants (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.99). The use of ARBs and statins was found to be associated with a higher prevalence of PD in persons having ≥6 teeth (odds ratio (OR) = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.06-11.99 and OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.03-3.16, respectively). Further adjustment for CVD risk factors, history of coronary heart disease, and other chronic diseases did not attenuate the results. There was no significant relation between PD and the use of other cardioprotective drugs.