Incidence of cleft-related speech problems in children with an isolated cleft lip

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations 2021-03, Vol.25 (3), p.823-831
• Main Authors: Smarius, B. J. A., Haverkamp, S., de Wilde, H., van Wijck-Warnaar, A., Mink van der Molen, A. B., Breugem, C. C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Cleft Lip - complications; Cleft Lip - epidemiology; Cleft Lip - surgery; Cleft lip/palate; Cleft Palate - complications; Cleft Palate - epidemiology; Cleft Palate - surgery; Dentistry; Ear; Ear diseases; Effusion; Female; Hearing Loss; Humans; Incidence; Language; Male; Medicine; Middle Ear Ventilation; Original; Original Article; Otitis media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Patients; Prospective Studies; Religious missions; Speech
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03367-5

Objectives Clinicians agree that children with isolated cleft lip have fewer cleft-associated problems than children with cleft lip and palate. Unfortunately, for isolated cleft lip children, the risk of cleft-associated problems is unknown and maybe underestimated. Often, these children do not get the required follow-up by a multidisciplinary team and thereby not the known benefits in supporting their development. This study examines the incidence of cleft-related speech problems and ear problems in children with isolated cleft lip. Materials and methods A prospective study was performed on all children born with an isolated cleft lip and treated at the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital in Utrecht between January 2007 and April 2014. Data were collected for sex, date of birth, genetics, cleft lip type, date of cleft lip repair, type of repair, speech/language problems, and ear problems. Results This study included 75 patients (59% male). The mean age of the children at the moment of speech examination was 32.5 months (SD 6.1). Eighteen of the 75 children (24%) needed speech and language therapy; however, only one child (1.3%) had a cleft-related speech problem. Sixteen of the 75 patients (21%) reported a history of one or more episodes of acute otitis media (AOM)/otitis media with effusion (OME) during the first 6 years. Conclusion/clinical relevance This is the first prospective study analyzing the incidence of cleft-related speech problems in children with an isolated cleft lip. These children do not have a higher risk of cleft-related speech problems or AOM/OME when compared to the general population. However, children with an isolated cleft do have a higher incidence of speech therapy.