Advances in Chromatin and Chromosome Research: Perspectives from Multiple Fields

Nucleosomes package genomic DNA into chromatin. By regulating DNA access for transcription, replication, DNA repair, and epigenetic modification, chromatin forms the nexus of most nuclear processes. In addition, dynamic organization of chromatin underlies both regulation of gene expression and evolu...

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Published in:Molecular cell 2020-09, Vol.79 (6), p.881-901
Main Authors: Agbleke, Andrews Akwasi, Amitai, Assaf, Buenrostro, Jason D., Chakrabarti, Aditi, Chu, Lingluo, Hansen, Anders S., Koenig, Kristen M., Labade, Ajay S., Liu, Sirui, Nozaki, Tadasu, Ovchinnikov, Sergey, Seeber, Andrew, Shaban, Haitham A., Spille, Jan-Hendrik, Stephens, Andrew D., Su, Jun-Han, Wadduwage, Dushan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromatin - genetics
Chromosomes - genetics
DNA - genetics
DNA Repair - genetics
DNA Replication - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Humans
Nucleosomes - genetics
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Summary:Nucleosomes package genomic DNA into chromatin. By regulating DNA access for transcription, replication, DNA repair, and epigenetic modification, chromatin forms the nexus of most nuclear processes. In addition, dynamic organization of chromatin underlies both regulation of gene expression and evolution of chromosomes into individualized sister objects, which can segregate cleanly to different daughter cells at anaphase. This collaborative review shines a spotlight on technologies that will be crucial to interrogate key questions in chromatin and chromosome biology including state-of-the-art microscopy techniques, tools to physically manipulate chromatin, single-cell methods to measure chromatin accessibility, computational imaging with neural networks and analytical tools to interpret chromatin structure and dynamics. In addition, this review provides perspectives on how these tools can be applied to specific research fields such as genome stability and developmental biology and to test concepts such as phase separation of chromatin. In this collaborative review, Agbleke et al. discuss the development and application of new technologies to probe chromatin and chromosome biology questions. The authors examine new chromatin concepts, drawing on perspectives from researchers within the chromatin community as well as from those in adjacent fields.
ISSN:1097-2765
1097-4164
1097-4164
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.003