Immunoregulatory therapy strategies that target cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19 (Review)

A cytokine storm is an uncontrolled, excessive immune response that contributes to the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Viral infections lead to the loss of negative feedback in immune regulation and an abnormal elevation of the levels of multiple cytokines. In COVID-19, this cau...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2021-04, Vol.21 (4), p.319, Article 319
Main Authors: Wang, Xianyao, He, Zhixu, Zhao, Xing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokines
Development and progression
Drug therapy
Health aspects
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Methods
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Physiological aspects
Review
Viral infections
Viruses
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Summary:A cytokine storm is an uncontrolled, excessive immune response that contributes to the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Viral infections lead to the loss of negative feedback in immune regulation and an abnormal elevation of the levels of multiple cytokines. In COVID-19, this causes diffuse damage to alveolar functions and may culminate in multiple organ dysfunction. Immunoregulatory therapies target the cytokine storms induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, and include monoclonal antibodies, recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy, thymosin, immunoglobulins and blood purification therapies. These approaches may be effective in the alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms. In this review, cytokine storms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections are evaluated and discussed, and advances in immunoregulatory therapy strategies for patients with COVID-19 are reviewed.
ISSN:1792-0981
1792-1015
DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.9750