Inhibition of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter (VGLUT) with Congo Red Analogs: New Binding Insights

The vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) facilitates the uptake of glutamate (Glu) into neuronal vesicles. VGLUT has not yet been fully characterized pharmacologically but a body of work established that certain azo-dyes bearing two Glu isosteres via a linker were potent inhibitors. However, the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurochemical research 2021-03, Vol.46 (3), p.494-503
Main Authors: Hitt, David M., Zwicker, Jeffery D., Chao, Chih-Kai, Patel, Sarjubhai A., Gerdes, John M., Bridges, Richard J., Thompson, Charles M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analogs
Animals
Azo dyes
Binding
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Congo Red - analogs & derivatives
Congo Red - metabolism
Congo Red - pharmacology
Diphenyl ether
Drug Design
Glutamic acid transporter
Homology
Inhibitors
Interatomic distance
Molecular Docking Simulation
Molecular Structure
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neurosciences
Original Paper
Pharmacology
Protein Binding
Protein interaction
Rats
Structure-Activity Relationship
Sulfonic acid
Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins - metabolism
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) facilitates the uptake of glutamate (Glu) into neuronal vesicles. VGLUT has not yet been fully characterized pharmacologically but a body of work established that certain azo-dyes bearing two Glu isosteres via a linker were potent inhibitors. However, the distance between the isostere groups that convey potent inhibition has not been delineated. This report describes the synthesis and pharmacologic assessment of Congo Red analogs that contain one or two glutamate isostere or mimic groups; the latter varied in the interatomic distance and spacer properties to probe strategic binding interactions within VGLUT. The more potent inhibitors had two glutamate isosteres symmetrically linked to a central aromatic group and showed IC 50 values ~ 0.3–2.0 μM at VGLUT. These compounds contained phenyl, diphenyl ether (PhOPh) or 1,2-diphenylethane as the linker connecting 4-aminonaphthalene sulfonic acid groups. A homology model for VGLUT2 using d -galactonate transporter (DgoT) to dock and identify R88, H199 and F219 as key protein interactions with Trypan Blue, Congo Red and selected potent analogs prepared and tested in this report. Graphic Abstract
ISSN:0364-3190
1573-6903
DOI:10.1007/s11064-020-03182-0