Understanding Viral Infection Mechanisms and Patient Symptoms for the Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-02, Vol.22 (4), p.1737
Main Authors: Choi, Hyung Muk, Moon, Soo Youn, Yang, Hyung In, Kim, Kyoung Soo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - drug therapy
COVID-19 - pathology
COVID-19 - virology
Cytokine Release Syndrome - etiology
Humans
Review
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Viral Load
Virus Internalization
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Summary:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs or definitive treatment strategies for patients with severe COVID-19. Only antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs are used as symptomatic treatments based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are also trying to develop COVID-19 therapeutics. However, there is limited systematic information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 symptoms that cause tissue damage or death and the mechanisms by which the virus infects and replicates in cells. Here, we introduce recent knowledge of time course changes in viral titers, delayed virus clearance, and persistent systemic inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Based on the concept of drug reposition, we review which antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively treat COVID-19 patients based on progressive symptoms and the mechanisms inhibiting virus infection and replication.
ISSN:1422-0067
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22041737