Mobile, Remote, and Individual Focused: Comparing Breath Carbon Monoxide Readings and Abstinence Between Smartphone-Enabled and Stand-Alone Monitors

Abstract Introduction Newly available, smartphone-enabled carbon monoxide (CO) monitors are lower in cost than traditional stand-alone monitors and represent a marked advancement for smoking research. New products are promising, but data are needed to compare breath CO readings between smartphone-en...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nicotine & tobacco research 2021-03, Vol.23 (4), p.741-747
Main Authors: Tuck, Breanna M, Karelitz, Joshua L, Tomko, Rachel L, Dahne, Jennifer, Cato, Patrick, McClure, Erin A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Breath Tests - methods
Carbon Monoxide - analysis
Case-Control Studies
Cotinine - analysis
Female
Humans
Male
Non-Smokers - psychology
Original Investigations
ROC Curve
Smartphone - statistics & numerical data
Smokers - psychology
Smoking - epidemiology
Smoking - psychology
Smoking Cessation - methods
United States - epidemiology
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Summary:Abstract Introduction Newly available, smartphone-enabled carbon monoxide (CO) monitors are lower in cost than traditional stand-alone monitors and represent a marked advancement for smoking research. New products are promising, but data are needed to compare breath CO readings between smartphone-enabled and stand-alone monitors. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the agreement between the mobile iCO (Bedfont Scientific Ltd) with two other monitors from the same manufacturer (Micro+ pro and Micro+ basic) and (2) determine optimal, monitor-specific, cotinine-confirmed abstinence cutoff values. Methods Adult (≥18) smokers (n = 26) and nonsmokers (n = 21) provided three breath CO samples (using three different monitors) in each of 10 sessions, and urine cotinine was measured for gold standard determination of abstinence. CO comparisons (N = 437) were analyzed using regression-based Bland–Altman Analysis of Agreement; receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine optimal abstinence cutoffs. Results Bland–Altman analyses indicated that the iCO monitor provided higher CO results than both Micro+ monitors. Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that the optimal CO cutoff for determining abstinence was
ISSN:1469-994X
1462-2203
1469-994X
DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntaa203