The Mediating Role of Lean Soft Tissue in the Relationship between Somatic Maturation and Bone Density in Adolescent Practitioners and Non-Practitioners of Sports

This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between somatic maturation and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents by sex and sport participation. The sample included 558 adolescents (401 males, mean age of 14.0 years) that were practitione...

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Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-03, Vol.18 (6), p.3008
Main Authors: Agostinete, Ricardo R, Werneck, André O, Maillane-Vanegas, Santiago, Gracia-Marco, Luis, Ubago-Guisado, Esther, Constable, Annie M, Fernandes, Romulo A, Vlachopoulos, Dimitris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorptiometry, Photon
Adolescent
Adolescents
Bone Density
Bone mineral density
Bones
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Female
Humans
Laboratories
Limbs
Lower Extremity
Male
Martial arts
Maturation
Mediation
Medical research
Muscle contraction
Musculoskeletal System
Participation
Soft tissues
Spine
Sports
Teenagers
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Summary:This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between somatic maturation and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents by sex and sport participation. The sample included 558 adolescents (401 males, mean age of 14.0 years) that were practitioners of sports (11 sport modalities, = 402) and a non-sport group ( = 157). Somatic maturation was assessed by using a validated peak height velocity prediction equation. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess aBMD (upper and lower limbs, spine and total body less head-TBLH) and LST. For both sexes, LST mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 36.3% to 75.4%). For sport and non-sport groups, the LST also mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 51.6% to 85.6%). The direct effect was observed in all groups, except for lower limbs and TBLH in the non-sport group. The association between somatic maturation and aBMD was mediated by LST in adolescents of both sexes and regardless of involvement in organized sports. Our findings highlighted the role of improving LST to mitigate the association of somatic maturation with aBMD.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph18063008