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Endocrine complications of immunotherapies: a review

Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has increased vastly over the past decade, as both single and combination agent therapies. While having a positive impact on survival rates, adverse effects have been noted, with endocrine effects in around 10% of patients. Thyroid disease and...

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Published in:	Clinical medicine (London, England) England), 2021-03, Vol.21 (2), p.e212-e222
Main Authors:	Hattersley, Rosie, Nana, Melanie, Lansdown, Andrew J
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Antigens Blood cancer cancer Cancer therapies Cytotoxicity endocrine Etiology Graves disease Hyperthyroidism hypophysitis Hypothyroidism Immune system Immunotherapy Medical prognosis Melanoma Metastasis Patients Review thyroid Thyroid diseases
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description	Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has increased vastly over the past decade, as both single and combination agent therapies. While having a positive impact on survival rates, adverse effects have been noted, with endocrine effects in around 10% of patients. Thyroid disease and hypophysitis are the most commonly encountered, with diabetes mellitus and primary adrenal insufficiency also reported, as well as more rare endocrinopathies. Patient and clinician education to raise awareness of these effects, as well as regular monitoring to enable early recognition, diagnosis and prompt treatment of the immune side effects, are key. In this review, we discuss the aetiology, presentation and management of the endocrine complications of immunotherapies that are relevant to the general physician, as well as highlighting important areas where further research is still needed.
doi_str_mv	10.7861/clinmed.2020-0827
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subjects	Antigens Blood cancer cancer Cancer therapies Cytotoxicity endocrine Etiology Graves disease Hyperthyroidism hypophysitis Hypothyroidism Immune system Immunotherapy Medical prognosis Melanoma Metastasis Patients Review thyroid Thyroid diseases
title	Endocrine complications of immunotherapies: a review
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