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Marital loss and risk of dementia: Do race and gender matter?
Recent studies have found that marital loss through divorce or widowhood is associated with a higher risk of dementia for older adults. However, whether these associations vary by race and gender is less clear. To address this gap, we drew upon longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study...
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| Published in: | Social science & medicine (1982) 2021-04, Vol.275, p.113808-113808, Article 113808 |
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| container_title | Social science & medicine (1982) |
| container_volume | 275 |
| creator | Zhang, Zhenmei Liu, Hui Choi, Seung-won Emily |
| description | Recent studies have found that marital loss through divorce or widowhood is associated with a higher risk of dementia for older adults. However, whether these associations vary by race and gender is less clear. To address this gap, we drew upon longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016) to investigate the association between marital loss and dementia risk, separately for non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. We further examined gender variations in the link between marital loss and dementia risk within each racial group. Results from discrete-time event history models suggested that widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for both Whites and Blacks, controlling for basic demographic characteristics. However, while divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for Blacks, the association is marginally significant (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113808 |
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•Examines the association between marital loss and dementia risk among Whites and Blacks.•Divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia among Blacks and White men, but not among White women.•Widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Effects stronger for Blacks.•Household income is the major pathway through which widowhood increases dementia risk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0277-9536</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-5347</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5347</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113808</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33713925</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Aged ; Black people ; Dementia ; Dementia - epidemiology ; Demography ; Divorce ; Economic factors ; Economic resources ; Ethnic groups ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Gender ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Marital Status ; Marriage ; Older people ; Race ; Retirement ; Risk ; United States ; United States - epidemiology ; White people ; Widowhood</subject><ispartof>Social science & medicine (1982), 2021-04, Vol.275, p.113808-113808, Article 113808</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Pergamon Press Inc. Apr 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-99aee456002e3f7c819ecedeb5124c9a08ca1160ff57cf917852b31e011303893</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-99aee456002e3f7c819ecedeb5124c9a08ca1160ff57cf917852b31e011303893</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5150-1505 ; 0000-0002-0963-8516</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,33223,33774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33713925$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhenmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seung-won Emily</creatorcontrib><title>Marital loss and risk of dementia: Do race and gender matter?</title><title>Social science & medicine (1982)</title><addtitle>Soc Sci Med</addtitle><description>Recent studies have found that marital loss through divorce or widowhood is associated with a higher risk of dementia for older adults. However, whether these associations vary by race and gender is less clear. To address this gap, we drew upon longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016) to investigate the association between marital loss and dementia risk, separately for non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. We further examined gender variations in the link between marital loss and dementia risk within each racial group. Results from discrete-time event history models suggested that widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for both Whites and Blacks, controlling for basic demographic characteristics. However, while divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for Blacks, the association is marginally significant (p < 0.1) for Whites. There are few significant gender variations in these associations except for the effect of divorce among Whites. Even after controlling for economic and health-related factors, we found that divorce is associated with a higher risk of dementia among White men but not among White women. Economic resources explain a significant portion of the association between widowhood and dementia risk, more so for Whites than for Blacks. Our findings call for more research into the pathways through which marital loss shapes the risk of dementia across racial and ethnic groups.
•Examines the association between marital loss and dementia risk among Whites and Blacks.•Divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia among Blacks and White men, but not among White women.•Widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Effects stronger for Blacks.•Household income is the major pathway through which widowhood increases dementia risk.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Black people</subject><subject>Dementia</subject><subject>Dementia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Divorce</subject><subject>Economic factors</subject><subject>Economic resources</subject><subject>Ethnic groups</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marital Status</subject><subject>Marriage</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Race</subject><subject>Retirement</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>White people</subject><subject>Widowhood</subject><issn>0277-9536</issn><issn>1873-5347</issn><issn>1873-5347</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU9v1DAQxS1ERZfCV4BIXHrJdsaO1zYSoKr0D1IRl_ZseZ1J8ZLErZ2t1G-Ply2rwqUnH-Y3z_PeY-w9whwBF0ereY4--zBQO-fAcY4oNOgXbIZaiVqKRr1kM-BK1UaKxT57nfMKABC0eMX2hVAoDJcz9um7S2FyfdXHnCs3tlUK-VcVu6qlgcYpuI_V11gl5-nP9IbGllI1uGmi9OUN2-tcn-nt43vArs9Or04u6ssf599Oji9rL0FMtTGOqJELAE6iU16jIU8tLSXyxhsH2jvEBXSdVL4zqLTkS4EExRUIbcQB-7zVvV0vi2VfDkuut7cpDC492OiC_Xcyhp_2Jt5bDSiVFkXg8FEgxbs15ckOIXvqezdSXGfLJSCXquEb9MN_6Cqu01jsFappTDkJZKHUlvKpBJeo2x2DYDcV2ZXdVWQ3FdltRWXz3VMvu72_nRTgeAtQSfQ-ULJFhcYSWEjkJ9vG8OwnvwHhWqTy</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Zhang, Zhenmei</creator><creator>Liu, Hui</creator><creator>Choi, Seung-won Emily</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Pergamon Press Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-1505</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0963-8516</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Marital loss and risk of dementia: Do race and gender matter?</title><author>Zhang, Zhenmei ; Liu, Hui ; Choi, Seung-won Emily</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-99aee456002e3f7c819ecedeb5124c9a08ca1160ff57cf917852b31e011303893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Black people</topic><topic>Dementia</topic><topic>Dementia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Divorce</topic><topic>Economic factors</topic><topic>Economic resources</topic><topic>Ethnic groups</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marital Status</topic><topic>Marriage</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Retirement</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>White people</topic><topic>Widowhood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhenmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seung-won Emily</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Social science & medicine (1982)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Zhenmei</au><au>Liu, Hui</au><au>Choi, Seung-won Emily</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Marital loss and risk of dementia: Do race and gender matter?</atitle><jtitle>Social science & medicine (1982)</jtitle><addtitle>Soc Sci Med</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>275</volume><spage>113808</spage><epage>113808</epage><pages>113808-113808</pages><artnum>113808</artnum><issn>0277-9536</issn><issn>1873-5347</issn><eissn>1873-5347</eissn><abstract>Recent studies have found that marital loss through divorce or widowhood is associated with a higher risk of dementia for older adults. However, whether these associations vary by race and gender is less clear. To address this gap, we drew upon longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016) to investigate the association between marital loss and dementia risk, separately for non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. We further examined gender variations in the link between marital loss and dementia risk within each racial group. Results from discrete-time event history models suggested that widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for both Whites and Blacks, controlling for basic demographic characteristics. However, while divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia for Blacks, the association is marginally significant (p < 0.1) for Whites. There are few significant gender variations in these associations except for the effect of divorce among Whites. Even after controlling for economic and health-related factors, we found that divorce is associated with a higher risk of dementia among White men but not among White women. Economic resources explain a significant portion of the association between widowhood and dementia risk, more so for Whites than for Blacks. Our findings call for more research into the pathways through which marital loss shapes the risk of dementia across racial and ethnic groups.
•Examines the association between marital loss and dementia risk among Whites and Blacks.•Divorce is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia among Blacks and White men, but not among White women.•Widowhood is significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Effects stronger for Blacks.•Household income is the major pathway through which widowhood increases dementia risk.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33713925</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113808</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-1505</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0963-8516</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0277-9536 |
| ispartof | Social science & medicine (1982), 2021-04, Vol.275, p.113808-113808, Article 113808 |
| issn | 0277-9536 1873-5347 1873-5347 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8015783 |
| source | International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); ScienceDirect Journals; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Aged Black people Dementia Dementia - epidemiology Demography Divorce Economic factors Economic resources Ethnic groups Ethnicity Female Gender Humans Income Male Marital Status Marriage Older people Race Retirement Risk United States United States - epidemiology White people Widowhood |
| title | Marital loss and risk of dementia: Do race and gender matter? |
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