A Zika virus primary isolate induces neuroinflammation, compromises the blood‐brain barrier and upregulates CXCL12 in adult macaques

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause neuropathogenesis in adults and fetal neurologic malformation following the infection of pregnant women. We used a nonhuman primate model, the Indian‐origin Rhesus macaque (IRM), to gain insight into virus‐associated hallmarks of ZIKV‐induced adult ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-11, Vol.30 (6), p.1017-1027
Main Authors: Panganiban, Antonito T., Blair, Robert V., Hattler, Julian B., Bohannon, Diana G., Bonaldo, Myrna C., Schouest, Blake, Maness, Nicholas J., Kim, Woong‐Ki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Blood
Blood-brain barrier
Brain
Central nervous system
Chemokines
CXCL12
CXCL12 protein
Fetuses
flavivirus
Infections
Inflammation
Lymphocytes
Myelination
Neuropathogenesis
Neuropathology
nonhuman primate
Pregnancy
Viral infections
Viruses
Zika virus
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Summary:Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause neuropathogenesis in adults and fetal neurologic malformation following the infection of pregnant women. We used a nonhuman primate model, the Indian‐origin Rhesus macaque (IRM), to gain insight into virus‐associated hallmarks of ZIKV‐induced adult neuropathology. We find that the virus causes prevalent acute and chronic neuroinflammation and chronic disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in adult animals. ZIKV infection resulted in specific short‐ and long‐term augmented expression of the chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system (CNS)of adult IRMs. Moreover, CXCL12 expression persists long after the initial viral infection is apparently cleared. CXCL12 plays a key role both in regulating lymphocyte trafficking through the BBB to the CNS and in mediating repair of damaged neural tissue including remyelination. Understanding how CXCL12 expression is controlled will likely be of central importance in the definition of ZIKV‐associated neuropathology in adults.
ISSN:1015-6305
1750-3639
DOI:10.1111/bpa.12873