Management of conjunctival melanoma with local excision and adjuvant brachytherapy

• Published in: Eye (London) 2021-02, Vol.35 (2), p.490-498
• Main Authors: Brouwer, Niels J., Marinkovic, Marina, Peters, Femke P., Hulshof, Maarten C. C. M., Pieters, Bradley R., de Keizer, Rob J. W., Horeweg, Nanda, Laman, Mirjam S., Bleeker, Jaco C., van Duinen, Sjoerd G., Jager, Martine J., Creutzberg, Carien L., Luyten, Gregorius P. M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/67/1484; 692/308/409; Acuity; Brachytherapy; Cataracts; Conjunctival Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Cornea; Humans; Laboratory Medicine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Melanoma; Melanoma - radiotherapy; Metastases; Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ophthalmology; Patients; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology; Radiation therapy; Retrospective Studies; Sclera; Surgery; Surgical Oncology; Treatment Outcome; Tumors
• ISSN: 0950-222X; 1476-5454
• DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0879-z

Background/objectives To evaluate the management of conjunctival melanoma with local excision and adjuvant brachytherapy. Subjects/methods Data of all patients who received local excision and adjuvant brachytherapy for conjunctival melanoma between 1999 and 2016 in a Dutch national referral centre were reviewed. A protocol with Sr-90 was used until 2012, a protocol with Ru-106 was used hereafter. Local recurrence, metastasis, survival, visual acuity and treatment complications were assessed. Results A total of 58 patients was identified: 32 patients were treated with Sr-90 and 26 with Ru-106. Mean follow-up time was 97.3 months (143.1 months after Sr-90, and 40.2 months after Ru-106). All lesions were epibulbar, the median tumour thickness was 0.9 mm. Local recurrence occurred in 13/58 cases (22%), with a 5-year recurrence rate of 21%. Local recurrence occurred equally often in both protocols, with 5-year recurrence rates of 19% (Sr-90) versus 23% (Ru-106) ( p  = 0.68). Metastasis developed in 3/58 cases (5%), with 2 cases after Sr-90, and 1 after Ru-106 ( p  = 1.00). The most reported complications were pain (29%), dry eyes (21%), symblepharon (9%), ptosis (12%) and cataract (9%). No severe corneal or scleral complications were observed. Median visual acuity was 1.00 pre-surgery, at the end of follow-up this was 1.00 (Sr-90) and 0.95 (Ru-106). Conclusion Local excision with adjuvant brachytherapy provides good tumour control with excellent visual outcome and mild side effects in patients with limited conjunctival melanoma. Results after Sr-90 or Ru-106 were comparable; a choice for either treatment may be based on experience of the clinician and availability of materials.