Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review)

Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5-year survival rates of only 5-10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular medicine 2021-06, Vol.47 (6), p.1, Article 97
Main Authors: Lampis, Andrea, Ratti, Margherita, Ghidini, Michele, Mirchev, Milko B, Okuducu, Ali Fuat, Valeri, Nicola, Hahne, Jens Claus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Chemokines
Colorectal cancer
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Diagnosis
Esophageal cancer
Gene amplification
Genetic disorders
Growth factors
Health aspects
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Ipilimumab
Ligands
Medical prognosis
Melanoma
Metastasis
Mortality
Mutation
New York
Prognosis
Proteins
T cells
Tumors
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Summary:Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5-year survival rates of only 5-10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosis and tools for patient stratification for personalized treatment are urgent needs. A minority of oesophageal cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellite instability is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumours, such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are associated with a better prognosis and with an increased beneft to immune-based therapies. Therefore, similar therapeutic approaches could offer an opportunity of treatment for oesophageal cancer patients with MSI. Apart from immune checkpoint inhibitors, other immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, peptide vaccine and oncolytic viruses are under investigation in oesophageal cancer patients. In the present review, the rationale and current knowledge about immunotherapies in oesophageal cancer are summarised.
ISSN:1107-3756
1791-244X
DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4930