Current Immunological and Clinical Perspective on Vaccinations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Are They Safe after All?

Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system, and their immunogenicity is key in achieving protection against specific pathogens. Questions have been raised whether in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients they could induce disease exacerbation and whether vaccines could possibly act as a trigger in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (8), p.3859
Main Authors: Witman Tsur, Shani, Adrian Zaher, Eli, Tsur, Meydan, Kania, Karolina, Kalinowska-Łyszczarz, Alicja
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Cytokines
Disease
Epidemiology
Fever
Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus
Humans
Immune system
Immunogenicity
Immunology
Immunopathogenesis
Immunosuppressive agents
Lymphocytes
Magnetic resonance imaging
Measles
Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis - complications
Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy
Multiple Sclerosis - immunology
Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology
Mumps
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Patients
Peptides
Review
Rubella
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Typhoid
Vaccination - adverse effects
Vaccination - methods
Vaccines
Varicella
Yellow fever
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Summary:Vaccines work by stimulating the immune system, and their immunogenicity is key in achieving protection against specific pathogens. Questions have been raised whether in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients they could induce disease exacerbation and whether vaccines could possibly act as a trigger in the onset of MS in susceptible populations. So far, no correlation has been found between the vaccinations against influenza, hepatitis B, tetanus, human papillomavirus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, tuberculosis, yellow fever, or typhoid fever and the risk of MS. Further research is needed for the potential protective implications of the tetanus and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines in MS patients. Nowadays with the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recent vaccinations approval and arrival, the risk-benefit in MS patients with regards to safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in those treated with immunosuppressive therapies is of paramount importance. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how different vaccine types could be related to the immunopathogenesis of MS and discuss the risks and benefits of different vaccinations in MS patients.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22083859