Building a (w)rapport between neurons and oligodendroglia: Reciprocal interactions underlying adaptive myelination

Myelin, multilayered lipid-rich membrane extensions formed by oligodendrocytes around neuronal axons, is essential for fast and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Initially thought to be a static and immutable process, myelination is now appreciated to be a dynamic...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2021-04, Vol.109 (8), p.1258-1273
Main Authors: Pease-Raissi, Sarah E., Chan, Jonah R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Action potential
adaptive myelination
Adults
Animals
Axons
Brain - cytology
Brain - physiology
cell-cell interactions
Central nervous system
experience
Humans
Molecular modelling
myelin
Myelin Sheath - physiology
Myelination
neuronal activity
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurons
Neurons - cytology
Neurons - physiology
oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendroglia - cytology
Oligodendroglia - physiology
plasticity
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Myelin, multilayered lipid-rich membrane extensions formed by oligodendrocytes around neuronal axons, is essential for fast and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Initially thought to be a static and immutable process, myelination is now appreciated to be a dynamic process capable of responding to and modulating neuronal function throughout life. While the importance of this type of plasticity, called adaptive myelination, is now well accepted, we are only beginning to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons communicate experience-driven circuit activation to oligodendroglia and precisely how changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin refine neuronal function. Here, we review recent findings addressing this reciprocal relationship in which neurons alter oligodendroglial form and oligodendrocytes conversely modulate neuronal function. Adaptive myelination is a form of neuroplasticity in which external experience alters oligodendrocyte myelination. Pease-Raissi and Chan review mechanisms by which neurons communicate experiential input to alter oligodendrocytes and how subsequent changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin modulate neuronal function.
ISSN:0896-6273
1097-4199
1097-4199
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.003