Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-04, Vol.22 (8), p.3899
Main Authors: Notarnicola, Maria, Osella, Alberto Ruben, Caruso, Maria Gabriella, Pesole, Pasqua Letizia, Lippolis, Antonio, Tutino, Valeria, Bonfiglio, Caterina, De Nunzio, Valentina, Scavo, Maria Principia, Mirizzi, Antonella, Franco, Isabella, Lippolis, Tamara, D'Alessandro, Rosalba, Refolo, Maria Grazia, Messa, Caterina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrates
Cell membranes
Colorectal cancer
Diabetes
DNA methylation
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Exercise
Exosomes
Fatty acids
Fatty liver
Gene expression
Hepatocytes
Hypoxia
Insulin resistance
Lifestyles
Lipid metabolism
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Liver
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolites
MicroRNAs
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Review
Triglycerides
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in hepatocytes leading to liver injury. Recently, many studies have focused on the identification of the genetic and epigenetic modifications that also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and their prognostic implications. The present review is aimed to discuss on cellular and metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD, which can be helpful to identify new noninvasive biomarkers. The identification of accumulated lipids in the cell membranes, as well as circulating cytokeratins and exosomes, provides new insights in understanding of NAFLD. This review also suggests that lifestyle modifications remain the main prevention and/or treatment for NAFLD.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22083899